Based on the evaluations, 45 kV–45 mA-150.450 s per step-0.006 Å step-size was found to be the most suitable PXRD conditions.
Curcumin crystal phase was identified based on observed diffracted patterns at different 2θ peak positions and miller indices (hkl), and confirmed against the International Centre for Diffraction Data database. PXRD tube conditions of 25–45 kV, 25–45 mA, and scanning conditions (step scan size and time per step) were applied for the 2θ from 5° to 70° at 25 ☌ with copper radiation (K-α) of wavelength 1.5418 Å. Considering claims on adulteration, in this research, a powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) methodology was used for the semi-qualitative detection of curcumin in turmeric powder. Its purity and levels in food systems vary based on several aspects. It is aimed at beginner students of crystallography, with elementary knowledge about elements of symmetry, Bravais lattices, crystal classes, and wallpaper groups.Ĭurcumin is a high-value nutraceutical ingredient. This application constitutes a useful and easy-to-use tool for SGS learning. The application self-evaluates and assesses the knowledge acquired, allowing each exercise to be re-done until it is correctly completed with the appropriate recommendations. Two settings are taken into account in the Monoclinic system. The system, class, and space group of the crystal that agree with the proposed model are solved. The symbols of internationally accepted representation are used. The software applies a 3D space vision to identify the elements of symmetry compatible with the proposed structural models. It teaches how to recognize the operations performed by the symmetry elements, both point (or 2D) operators (proper and improper rotations, including mirroring, inversion, and other rotoinversions), and space (or 3D) operators (screw axes and glide planes), as well as their combinations with the translations of the lattice. This paper describes a digital application designed for learning Space Groups of Symmetry (SGS).
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